手榴彈介紹與圖片　(15p)


手榴彈區分為人員殺傷，爆破，煙幕（信號），毒氣，燃燒等五種

每一種的內容物都不一樣

例如人員殺傷及爆破用的手榴彈的內容物就是黃色炸藥（人員殺傷的外殼較厚，利用破片達到殺傷目的）

煙幕手榴彈內容物就是化學燃燒原料（白色，黃色，綠色及紫色等）

燃燒手榴彈就是裝填燃燒劑

至於毒氣自然就是裝填毒氣的原料

至於外型有一粒一粒的是舊型的
平平滑滑是美軍目前在用的喔
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手榴彈的真面目
所有手榴彈都包括三個基本組成部分：彈體、裝藥和引信。彈體用於填裝炸藥，有些手榴彈的彈體還可生成破片。彈體可由金屬、玻璃、塑料或其他適當材料製成。彈體材料的選擇對手榴彈的殺傷力和有效殺傷距離具有直接影響。鋁或塑料彈體產生的碎片及破片要比鋼制彈體小得多，而且也輕得多，因此動能的消失速度也就快得多。但從另一方面講，鋁或塑料破片在近距離上可致人重傷，而且對傷員動手術也困難得多。

裝藥的類型決定著手榴彈的用途。手榴彈的裝藥可以是梯恩梯炸藥，也可以是其他種類的炸藥，還可以是催淚瓦斯、鋁熱劑(燃燒劑、白磷等)等化學戰劑。

引信是引爆或點燃裝藥的一種機械或化學裝置。今天使用的大多數手榴彈，主要採用兩種引信：起爆引信和點火引信。起爆引信在彈體內爆炸以引爆裝藥，多用於殺傷手榴彈；點火引信則通過高溫燃燒引燃化學裝藥，主要用於化學手榴彈。不管工作原理如何，手榴彈的引信或以撞擊或以延時的方式激活。出於安全考慮，現在的殺傷性手榴彈大都使用延時引信，有的也使用組合式引信(即在觸發引信在解除保險之前有短暫的延時)。但是，觸髮式引信仍然保持著某種優勢。例如，敵人無法躲避或扔回觸髮式引信手榴彈，在將其投向上坡時也不會出現滾回的危險。因此，這種引信並沒有被完全拋棄。

中國98式閃光手榴彈
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中國77-1式木柄手榴彈
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67式木柄手榴彈
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手榴彈最早發明於中國，公元１０００年，宋朝出現了稱為「火球」或「火炮」的火器，其原理與現代手榴彈相同，１０４４年出版的兵書《武經總要》中，已載有霹靂火球、蔟藜火球、毒藥火球、煙球、引火球等多種可手投彈葯，這可以看作是最早的手榴彈雛形。１３世紀初，中國軍隊中已出現了鐵殼制爆炸武器「震天雷」，這與現代手榴彈已相差無幾。

歐洲關於手榴彈的最早紀錄出現在１４０５年，是義大利的一份手抄本上出現了手拋彈葯的圖樣。１７世紀以後，出現鐵殼制手拋彈葯。此時，歐洲出現了「手榴彈」這一各稱，並沿用至今。

１７世紀和１８世紀，手榴彈是歐洲軍隊中普遍使用的武器，並曾出現專業「榴彈兵」部隊。１９世紀，槍炮的發展以及城堡攻防戰的減少使手榴彈一度遭冷遇。２０世紀，１９０４年的日俄戰爭和後來進行的第一次世界大戰，第二次世界大戰中，塹壕戰興起，手榴彈又被廣泛使用。在現代化步兵中，手榴彈是重要的武器裝備之一。

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國軍作戰部隊配備的制式手榴彈通常有２種，一種叫作＂鳳梨＂另一種叫做＂檸檬＂，都是美規的，現已成功技術轉移，我國聯勤兵工廠已能自行量產及整修，
＂芭樂＂我想應該是江湖黑話(黑道人士用的暗語)

mk2手榴彈，因外型酷似鳳梨，因此俗稱"鳳梨"，內填tnt，拉發式手榴彈引信，拉開安全扣環後即時觸發引信延時藥，3~5秒後擊發撞針撞擊雷管引爆。殺傷半徑50公尺；死亡半徑為30公尺，(軍中手榴彈基本投擲30米及格；50米滿分)原設計者本是希望利用均勻分布在彈體的方格型破片傷人，沒想到爆發後的破片仍會碎裂成不均等的大小碎塊。殺傷力強！配發於國軍一般野戰單位。

m26a1殺傷手榴彈，因外型酷似檸檬，故俗稱"檸檬"，內填黑藥，纏繞細線圈，彈體為塑鋼製，拉發式手榴彈引信，拉開安全扣環後即時觸發引信延時藥，3~5秒後擊發撞針撞擊雷管引爆。殺傷半徑30公尺；死亡半徑為15公尺，引爆後內纏細鋼絲會炸裂成無數根"鐵針"四散射出。中者不會立即死亡，身上插遍數百支細鋼針慢慢流血痛苦而死！因為一個人受傷，就要有2個人去照顧，可以有效拖延敵追擊時間並降低其戰鬥力。配發於國軍特種作戰單位，如兩棲偵蒐營、政戰特遣隊、空降特戰、夜鶯突擊隊…等。一般部隊較少見。

[ last edited by dangery2k on 2008-2-12 at 11:51 am ]